You’re right. ‘Though’ is a more fitting sentence ending translation most of the time, just like ‘Although’ is a more fitting translation when you see だけど as the opening statement of a sentence. You will see the け family of sounds used a lot to remove ownership from a statement, kinda like you don’t want to claim you know 100%
明日のテスト1時くらいんだったっけ?
Tomorrows test was at 1pm…yeah?
I like to think that け just marks a third party in a conversation, someone that you want an answer from. In lots of cases it could be internal monologue
一生懸命頑張っていたけど (I gave it me all… though why is this the result) when speaking to yourself. However, it is much more natural for け/けど to have a direct third party (another person). For internal monologue (speaking to yourself) のに is much more common than けど, and けど may actually sound a little crazy when speaking to yourself, like you actually expect your inner voice to have the answer you are seeking.
Let’s pretend you are stuck in traffic in a car by yourself, on top of that you need to pee.
わぁ〜トイレに行きたかったのに ahhhh I really need to go to the toilet… but that goal seems out of reach (perfectly normal)
Now you are in the same situation but you are not the driver.
わぁ〜トイレに行きたかったけど ‘ahhh I really need to go to the toilet’ (you are not the driver, so using け highlights to someone that you want them to take action, like pull over the car) Using のに here is also fine, the only difference is it doesn’t express that you want the driver to take immediate action. Just that the ideal situation (being able to pee) is out of reach.
Sorry for the long explanation, I just love Japanese grammar