More Bun for your buck! (Bunpro Grammar Explanations)

Looking forward to this.

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This is brilliant and exactly the kind of direction Bunpro needs, especially as online resources change and become obsolete or become unavailable. I am really impressed with how much content has been added in the past year and I look forward with what is to come.

I actually think I might go through all the N5 grammar again just to see if I can learn some new things or pick up on anything Iโ€™ve missed before.

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I think Bunpro may have just convinced me to go back through the entire system all over again as these updates are released.

I feel like I say this with every update, but the Bunpro team is one of the most professional teams out there, and I am continuously blown away by the progress this app has made since it was first released and I started using it as my main grammar resource.

Absolutely outstanding passion for improving the product, offering it at a great value, and always making sure questions are answered. Bravo. As always, keep up the good work! I will continue to sing Bunproโ€™s praises at every opportunity I get :joy:

Also just want to add to @Asher

@Asher Having seen your contributions to Bunpro since you joined their team, I have been thoroughly impressed. I remember your post about each sound having their own inherent meaning, and disagreeing with you (maybe even a bit aggressively at times) and unfortunately let that interaction affect my judgement of your view on Japanese on the whole. However, Iโ€™d like to retract any doubt that I once had because, I mean, wow. Glad to see what youโ€™ve been up to at Bunpro!

Edited to add:

Very much same. I got Bunpro lifetime at a heck of a steal some 4+ years ago, and would really like to continue to support its development!

Edit 2, Electric Boogaloo:

Oh man how I would love to see something like this. The ไผšๆดฅๅผ in my area of Fukushima is such a weird dialect, and Iโ€™d love a reason to start taking a catalogue of it more seriously.

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Very excited about this, itโ€™s been great seeing the site grow over the 2 years Iโ€™ve been here. You guys are doing absolutely nuts amounts of improvement to the site as of late!

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What a company btw!

After using Bunpro for a short while now, I feel like learning Japanese without it would be next to impossible. only Started using it a year after I started studying, I struggled through N5 grammar without it and now Iโ€™m blasting through N4 with next to no trouble. Should be starting N3 in a fortnight! Exciting.

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Old posts

I still hold that view to be honest! But more on a โ€˜This is cool!โ€™ rather than a โ€˜Everybody needs to know this if they want to learn Japaneseโ€™ level. Maybe even something I can do a much better writeup about somedayโ€ฆ (compared to my rants back when I first thought I was on to something :rofl:)

I highly appreciate the sentiment, and would like to also mention that the support from the rest of the team at every point is pivotal to what I, and every other team member does here. We are honestly all so enthusiastic about making learning Japanese an easier experience, that the work itself is extremely rewarding!

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We actually have a fair few resources available to us that we would eventually love to pull apart, and then reassemble Bunpro style when it comes to classical Japanese. Especially things like ๆผขๆ–‡, and gramattical structures that no longer exist (but are still important in their own right).

As for Slang, that is definitely something that we would be able to work on in the future as well. It might end up being more of a โ€˜vocabulary/grammarโ€™ addition, rather than just plain grammar though. :sunglasses:

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Maybe one of the reasons we decided to do our own writeups is because we were spending so much time replying to peoples feedback that said something like โ€˜The link you have in readings is no longer available, it looks like the site shut downโ€™ :sweat_smile:

You are exactly right. We cannot control what other people do with their websites, but we can control what we do with ours. Our own writeups themselves may have small changes here and there in the future as we as a team discover more effective ways to teach things. But the bottom line is that we want to facilitate each and every learners language journey, and โ€˜somehowโ€™ find a way to knock down as many roadblocks as possible along the way. :handshake:

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I think we spoke on ็ฆๅณถๅผ a couple months, you may be the only other user of the deck I posted, lol. Iโ€™ve been wanting to expand on it if possible, if you have anything in your journey (or additional sources), Iโ€™m all ears.

Wikipedia has some built in entries but the usefulness is a complete scatter and region dependent. Some of these could be completely dormant or unheard of by modern standards but some very useful (need a ็ฆๅณถไบบ to help sort it).

Wiki
  • ่จ€่‘‰ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅœฐๅŸŸใฎๅ‡กไพ‹ใ€‚โ€ปไพ‹ๆ–‡ไธญใฎ๏ผˆ๏ผ‰ไป˜ๅœฐๅŸŸใฎไพ‹ใฏไปฅไธ‹ใฎๅ‚่€ƒๆ–‡็Œฎ[1]็ขบ่ชใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    • ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰ - ็œŒๅ†…ๅ…จ่ˆฌใง็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰
    • ๏ผˆๆตœ๏ผ‰ - ๆตœ้€šใ‚Šๅœฐๆ–นใง็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰
    • ๏ผˆๅŒ—๏ผ‰ - ็œŒๅŒ—ใง็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ ๏ผˆ็ฆๅณถๅธ‚ใ€ไผŠ้”้ƒกใ€ไผŠ้”ๅธ‚ใ€ไบŒๆœฌๆพๅธ‚ใ€ๅฎ‰้”้ƒกใ€ๆœฌๅฎฎๅธ‚๏ผ‰
    • ๏ผˆไธญ๏ผ‰ - ็œŒไธญใง็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ ๏ผˆ้ƒกๅฑฑๅธ‚ใ€็”ฐๆ‘ๅธ‚ใ€็”ฐๆ‘้ƒก๏ผ‰
    • ๏ผˆๅ—๏ผ‰ - ็œŒๅ—ใง็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ ๏ผˆ้ ˆ่ณ€ๅทๅธ‚ใ€ๅฒฉ็€ฌ้ƒกใ€็Ÿณๅท้ƒกใ€็™ฝๆฒณๅธ‚ใ€ๆฑ็™ฝๅท้ƒกใ€่ฅฟ็™ฝๆฒณ้ƒก๏ผ‰
    • ๏ผˆไผš๏ผ‰ - ไผšๆดฅๅœฐๆ–นใง็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰
  • ใ‚ใฃใกใ‚ƒ โ†’ ใ‚ใฃใกใธ

  • ใ‚ใ ใŒใช๏ผˆใ€ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎ๏ผ‰ โ†’ ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ‚‚ใฎ ๏ผˆๅŒ—ใ€ไธญ๏ผ‰

  • ใ‚ใฉใŒใŒใ โ†’ ๅพŒๅฆป ๏ผˆๆตœใ€ๅŒ—ใ€ไธญใ€ไผš๏ผ‰

  • ใ‚ใฃใฑใจใฃใฑใ™ใ‚‹ โ†’ๆ…Œใฆใ‚‹

  • ใ‚ใ‚„ใพใฃใŸ โ†’ ๅ›ฐใฃใŸใ€ใพใ„ใฃใŸใ€‚

  • ใ‚ใ‚‰ใปใฉ โ†’ ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใซ

  • ใ‚ใ‚“ใซใ‚ƒ โ†’ ใŠๅ…„ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“๏ผˆๅ˜ใซ็›ฎไธŠใฎ็”ทใฎไบบใ‚’ๅ‘ผใถๆ•ฌ็งฐ๏ผ‰

  • ใ‚ใ‚“ใซใ‚ƒ๏ผˆใ•ใพ๏ผ‰ โ†’ ๅ…„

  • ใ‚ใ‚“ในใ‡ใ‚ใ‚Šใƒผ โ†’ ็—…ๆฐ— ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰ใ€ๅกฉๆข…/ๆŒ‰ๆŽ’/ๆŒ‰้…ใŒๆ‚ชใ„ ๏ผˆๅŒ—๏ผ‰

  • ใ‚ใ‚“ใฝใ‚“ใŸใ‚“โ†’ใ‚ขใƒ›๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰ใ€็”˜ใ„ๅŠใ‚‹ใ—ๆŸฟ ๏ผˆๅŒ—ใ€ไธญ๏ผ‰ ้–ข่ฅฟๅผใฎใ€Œใ‚ขใƒ›ใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใ€‚ใ€Œใƒใ‚ซใ€ใปใฉไบบใ‚’่ฒถใ—ใŸใ‚Š่”‘ใ‚€่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚

  • ใ„ใพใฃใจโ†’ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ€‚็”จไพ‹๏ผšAใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใขใ„ใ„ใŒใ„๏ผŸใ€(ใ“ใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ)Bใ€Œใ‚ใŒใ‚“ใญใชใ€ใ„ใพใฃใจใใ‚“ใกใ‡ใ€(ใ ใ‚ใ ใชใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจใใ ใ•ใ„)

  • ใ„โ†’ๅฎถใ€‚ๆˆ‘ใŒใ„๏ผšๆˆ‘ใŒๅฎถ

  • ใ†ใฃใกใ‹ใฃใฆใŠใ’ โ†’ ๆŠ•ใ’ใ™ใฆใฆใŠใ‘ ๏ผˆไธญ๏ผ‰

  • ใ†ใ‚‹ใŒใ™ โ†’ ๏ผˆๆฐดใซ๏ผ‰ใคใ‘ใ‘ใ‚‹ ๏ผˆๅŒ—๏ผ‰

  • ใ†ใ‚‹ใŒใ—ใฆใŠใ’ใฐใ„ใ„ใดใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใ ใฎใ€‚โ†’ๆฐดใซใคใ‘ใฆใŠใ‘ใฐใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใใ‚“ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚

  • ใˆใ‚“ใŒใฟใŸ โ†’ ใฒใฉใ„็›ฎใซใ‚ใฃใŸ ๏ผˆๅ—ใ€ไผš๏ผ‰

  • ่ฝใขใ‚‹ โ†’ ้™ใ‚Šใ‚‹ ๏ผˆๅŒ—ใ€ไธญใ€ๅ—ใ€ไผš๏ผ‰็‰ฉใŒ่ฝไธ‹ใ—ใŸ้š›ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ€‚

  • ใŠใ ใคโ†’่ชฟๅญใซไน—ใ‚‹ใ€‚

  • ใŠใฐใ‚“ใงใ™ โ†’ ใ“ใ‚“ใฐใ‚“ใฏ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰

  • ใŠใถใ‚‹โ†’ใŠใ‚“ใถใ€่ƒŒ่ฒ ใ†ใ€‚่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ‚’่ƒŒ่ฒ ใ†ๆ™‚ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใƒชใƒฅใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚„ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚ปใƒซใชใฉใ‚’่ƒŒ่ฒ ใ†ใจใใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚

  • ใŠใ‚„ใ˜ โ†’ ใƒ€ใƒณใƒŠใ•ใ‚“ ใŠใ˜ใ•ใ‚“ ๅบ—ไธป โ€ปใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใ‚‚่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ไพ‹๏ผ‰ใ€Œๆ–ฐ่žๅฑ‹ใฎใŠใ‚„ใ˜ใ€๏ผˆๆ–ฐ่žใฎ้›†้‡‘ใฎใŠใ˜ใ•ใ‚“๏ผ‰

  • ใŠใ‚“ใคใใ–ใ’ใ™ โ†’ ใ‚ใปใƒปใฐใ‹ใฎๆœ€ไธŠ็ดš

  • ใŠใ‚‰ใ„ โ†’ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฎถใ€ๅฎถๅบญใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใ€‚ ็”จไพ‹:ใ€ŒใŠใ‚‰ใ„ใซๅญซ็”Ÿใพใฃใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ ใ€œ๏ผใ€๏ผˆๆˆ‘ใŒๅฎถใงๅญซใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚ŒใŸใ‚“ใ ใ‚ˆใ€œ๏ผ๏ผ‰

  • ใŒใ„๏ผŸโ†’ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ

  • ใ‹ใˆใฃใฆๆ‚ชใ„ใชใƒ โ†’ ้€†ใซ็”ณใ—่จณใชใ„ใ€‚่ฟ”็คผใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ„ใŸ้š›ใซไฝฟใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚็”จไพ‹๏ผšใชใ‚“ใ ในใ—ใŸใ๏ผใ‹ใˆใฃใฆๆ‚ชใ„(ใ‚ใ‚Š)ใชใ„๏ผ๏ผˆใชใ‚“ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผใŠๆฐ—้ฃใ„ใ•ใ›ใฆใ—ใพใ„็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ๏ผ‰

  • ใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹ โ†’ ใ‹ใถใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ†ใ‚‹ใ—ใซใ‹ใถใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๏ผˆๅŒ—ใƒปไธญ๏ผ‰

  • ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใƒใƒณ โ†’ ็ต†ๅ‰ต่†

  • ใ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹โ†’ไบบใฎใ›ใ„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚่ปขๅซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚็”จไพ‹๏ผšใพใ ใ๏ผไบบใ•ใ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใ‡๏ผ๏ผˆใพใŸไป–ไบบใฎใ›ใ„ใซใ™ใ‚‹๏ผ๏ผ‰

  • ใ‹ใญใ‡๏ผŸ๏ผˆใ‹ใญ๏ผŸใƒปใ‹ใญใ‡ใŒใ„๏ผŸ๏ผ‰โ†’ ้ฃŸในใชใ„๏ผŸใƒป้ฃŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ

  • ใ‹ใพใใญใ‡ ๏ผˆใ‹ใพใ‚ใ‡๏ผ‰ โ†’ ๆง‹ใ‚ใชใ„ใƒปไธ€ๅ‘ใซๅทฎๆ”ฏใˆใชใ„ ๏ผˆๅŒ—๏ผ‰

  • ็ฉบใ‚ฑใƒ„ โ†’ ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„

  • ใ‹ใ‚“ใทใ‚‰๏ผˆใ„ใ‚‚ใ€ใˆใ‚‚๏ผ‰ โ†’ ใ˜ใ‚ƒใŒใ„ใ‚‚ ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰

  • ๏ฝžใŒใ‚“ใชใ„๏ผŸโ†’๏ฝžใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ‡๏ผŸ

  • ใŽใฃใกใ‚‡ โ†’ ๅทฆๅˆฉใใ€‚ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใ‚นใƒใƒผใ€‚ๅทฎๅˆฅ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบ‹ใฏใชใ„ใ€‚

  • ใใ‚…ใ†ใฉ โ†’ ๆšฎใ‚Œใ€ๅนดๆœซ๏ผˆใ„ใ‚ใใ€œๅŒ่‘‰้ƒกใงไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰๏ผ‰

  • ็พฉ็† โ†’ ๅ† ๅฉš่‘ฌ็ฅญใงไธปใซ่‘ฌๅ„€้–ขไฟ‚ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ€‚๏ผˆๅŒ่‘‰้ƒก๏ผ‰

  • ใใ‚‰ใ™ใ‘ใ‚‹๏ผˆใใ‚‰ใคใ‘ใ‚‹๏ผ‰ โ†’ ๆฎดใ‚‹ใ€ๅฉใ็ญ‰ ๅญไพ›ใชใฉใซๆณจๆ„ใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟใ†ใ€‚ไพ‹๏ผ‰ใ€ŒใŠใ‚ใ‡ใ€ใปใ ใซใŠใ ใฃใฆใฃใจใ€ใŠ็ˆถใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใซใใ‚‰ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฃใคใ‰๏ผŸใ€๏ผˆใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใใ‚“ใชใซ่ชฟๅญใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใซๅฉใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆ๏ผŸ๏ผ‰

  • ใใ‚ใฃใ› โ†’ ้ฃŸในใชใ•ใ„ ๏ผˆๅŒ—๏ผ‰

  • ใใ‚“ใกใ‡๏ผˆใใ‚“ใ—ใ‡๏ผ‰ โ†’ ใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผˆๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆททๅŒ๏ผ‰

  • ใ€œใ—ใฆใใ‚“ใซ๏ผŸ โ†’ ้ ผใฟไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹้š›ใซไฝฟ็”จใ€‚ไพ‹๏ผ‰ใ€Œใใ‚Œๅ–ใฃใฆใใ‚“ใซ๏ผŸใ€๏ผˆใใ‚Œๅ–ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹๏ผŸ๏ผ‰

  • ใ’ใผ โ†’ ๅ˜”ๅใ€ใ‚ฒใƒญใ€‚

  • ใ’ใƒผใผๆ‚ชใ„ โ†’ ๆ„Ÿใ˜ๆ‚ชใ„ใ€‚

  • ใ‘ใƒผใ ใ‚‰ใฐใฃใฑ ใ€ใ‘ใƒผใ ใ‚‰ใ˜ใฃใกโ†’ ใ‚ฒใ‚ธ

  • ใ”ใ›ใ‚„ใ โ†’ ่…นใŒ็ซ‹ใค ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰็”จไพ‹๏ผšใ”ใ›ใ‚„ใ’ใ‚‹ใชใ

    • ใ”ใ›ใ‚„ใ’ใ‚‹ โ†’ ่…นใŒ็ซ‹ใคใ€ๆ€’ใ‚Š
  • ใ”ใ—ใ‚ƒใ โ†’ๆฎดใ‚‹ใ€ๆฎดใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็”จไพ‹ : ใ€ŒใŠใ‚ใ‡ใ€ใ”ใ—ใ‚ƒใใฉ๏ผใ€๏ผˆใŠๅ‰ใ€ๆฎดใ‚‹ใž๏ผ๏ผ‰

  • ใ”ใ‚“ใใ‚‚ใข๏ผˆๅŽณๆฐ—้ค…๏ผ‰โ†’ๆกใ‚Šใ“ใถใ—ใƒปใ‚ฐใƒผใ€‚็”จไพ‹๏ผšใ€Œ(ๆ‹ณใ‚’ๆŒฏใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใชใŒใ‚‰)ใ”ใ‚“ใใ‚‚ใขใใ‚Œใฃใคใ‰๏ผใ€๏ผˆใ‚ฐใƒผใงๆฎดใ‚‹ใ‚ˆ๏ผ๏ผ‰

  • ่…ฐใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ โ†’ ๅบงใ‚‹ใ€‚ไผ‘ใ‚€ใ€‚็”จไพ‹ : ใ€Œ่…ฐใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ„ใƒป่…ฐใ‹ใ’ใฃใ›ใ‡ใ€๏ผˆๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใใชใ•ใ„ใ€ไผ‘ใ‚“ใงใ„ใใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚๏ผ‰

  • ใ“ใ ใซใƒปใ“ใ‚‰ใปใฉ โ†’ ใ“ใ‚“ใชใซใ€‚็”จไพ‹ : ใ€Œใ“ใ ใซๆฒขๅฑฑใ„ใ‚“ใญใงใฐใ€๏ผˆใ“ใ‚“ใชใซๆฒขๅฑฑใ„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆ๏ผ‰

  • ใ“ใฟใฃใกใ‚Š โ†’ ๅ……ๅˆ†ใซ ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰

  • ใ“ใ‚‰ใฃใ›ใ€ใ“ใ‚‰ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ โ†’ ใฉใ†ใžใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใซใŠๅ‡บใงใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผˆๅŒ—๏ผ‰

  • ใ“ใ‚ใ„ใ€ใŠใฃใ‹ใชใ„ โ†’ ไฝ“่ชฟใŒๅ„ชใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ๅ…ทๅˆใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใ€็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸๆง˜ โ€ปๆๆ€–ๅฟƒใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚ใ„๏ผˆๆ€–ใ„๏ผ‰ใ€ใŠใฃใ‹ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ€‚

  • ใ”ใ‚“ใ‘ โ†’ ใใกใŒใ„๏ผˆใ„ใ‚ใใ€œๅŒ่‘‰้ƒกใงไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰๏ผ‰ ใ’ใ‚“ใ“ใค๏ผˆๅŒ—๏ผ‰ไพ‹๏ผ‰ใ€Œ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใฉ่žใŒใญใ‚„ใฅใฏใ€ใ”ใ‚“ใ‘ ้ฃŸใ‚‰ใ‚ใ›ใฃใคใ‰๏ผใ€๏ผˆใƒฏใ‚ฌใƒžใƒžใชๅญใซใฏใ’ใ‚“ใ“ใคใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆ๏ผ๏ผ‰

  • ใ“ใ‚“ใ ๏ผˆใ๏ผ‰ โ†’ ใ“ใฎๆฌก๏ผˆใฏ๏ผ‰ ใ€ไปŠๅบฆ๏ผˆใฏ๏ผ‰๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰

  • ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒ‹โ†’ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ“ใƒ‹

  • ใ€œใ• โ†’ ใ€œใธใ€ใ€œใซ๏ผˆๆ–นๅ‘ใชใฉใ‚’่กจใ™ๅŠฉ่ฉž๏ผ‰๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰

  • ใ€œใ•ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใชใ€ใ€œใฎใŒใช โ†’ ใ€œใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใ€œใฎใ‚‚ใฎ

  • ใ•ใ™ใ‘ใƒผใญใƒผ ๏ผˆใ•ใ™ใ‘ใญใ‡๏ผ‰ โ†’ ๅทฎใ—ๆ”ฏใˆใชใ„ใ€ๅ•้กŒใชใ„ ๏ผˆๅŒ—ใƒปไธญ๏ผ‰็”จไพ‹๏ผšAใ€Œใชใ‚“ใ ในใ—ใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚‰ใปใฉใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆๅดใฃใฆๆ‚ชใ‚Šใ”ใฉ๏ผใ€Bใ€Œใ•ใ™ใ‘ใญใŒใ‚‰ใ€ๅธฐใฃใฆ้ฃŸใ‚ใ•ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ€Aใ€Œใ‚“ใŒใ„ใ€ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใใŒใ‚“ใญใ€‚ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€

  • ใ€œๆง˜ โ†’ ๅง‘๏ผˆใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใจ๏ผ‰ๆง˜ใ€ๅซๆง˜ใ€ๅง‰ๆง˜ใ€ๅฎถใงใฎๅฅณๆ€งใฎ็ซ‹ๅ ดใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๆ•ฌ็งฐใ€‚

  • ใ•ใฟใชใ„ ใ€ใ•ใฟใƒ โ†’ ๅฏ’ใ„ใญใ€ๅฏ’ใ„

  • ใ˜ใ•ใพ โ†’ ใŠใ˜ใ„ใ•ใ‚“ ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰

    • ใ˜ใฃใก๏ผˆใ•ใ‚“๏ผ‰ โ†’ ใŠใ˜ใ„ใ•ใ‚“ ๏ผˆๆตœใ€ๅŒ—ใ€ไธญ๏ผ‰
  • ใ—ใŸใฃใ‘โ†’ใใ—ใŸใ‚‰

  • ใ—ใŸใฃใ‘ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚คโ†’ใใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚ค

  • ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚ใ‚“ใ‚๏ผˆใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚ใ‚“ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผใ‚ขใƒณใƒกใ€ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผใƒณใƒก๏ผ‰ ใ€ใ—ใ‚ƒใƒผใญใƒผใน โ†’ ไป•ๆ–นใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ€ไป•ๆ–นใ‚ใ‚‹ใพใ„ ๏ผˆๅŒ—๏ผ‰ ่ซฆใ‚ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚

  • ใ€œใ—ใฆใฟใฃใ› โ†’ ใ€œใ—ใฆใ”ใ‚‰ใ‚“

  • ใ€œใ—ใฆใใชใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ โ†’ ใ€œใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผˆใ—ใฆใฎไธๅฏง่ชž๏ผ‰

  • ใ€œใ—ใฆใใ‚“ใซใŒใ„๏ผŸ โ†’ ใ€œใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ๏ผˆใ—ใฆใฎ็–‘ๅ•็ณป๏ผ‰

  • ใ€œใ—ใฆใ‘ใ‚‰ใ„ โ†’ ใ€œใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„/ใ—ใฆใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ ใ„ใ€‚

  • ใ€œใ—ใฆใŒใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ โ†’ ใ€œใ—ใฆใ„ใใชใ•ใ„ ็”จไพ‹:ใ€Œใ„ใ•ใ‚ใŒใฃใฆใกใฃใจไผ‘ใ‚“ใงใŒใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ€ ๏ผˆๅฎถใซไธŠใŒใฃใฆใกใ‚‡ใฃใจไผ‘ใ‚“ใงใ„ใใชใ•ใ„๏ผ‰

  • ใ—ใ‚ƒใง๏ผˆใ„๏ผ‰ โ†’ ๅผŸ ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰

  • ใ€œใ—ใ‚‰ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ โ†’ ใ€œใ—ใชใ•ใ„ ๏ผˆไพ‹๏ผ‰ใ€Œใฏใ‚„ใๅฏใ‚‰ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ€๏ผˆๆ—ฉใๅฏใชใ•ใ„๏ผ‰

  • ใ€œใ—ใ‚‰ใ‚“ใช โ†’ ใ€œใ—ใชใ„ใงใญใ€๏ผˆใ€œใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ€ใ€œใ™ใ‚“ใชใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚น๏ผ‰๏ผˆไพ‹๏ผ‰ใ€Œใปใ ใ”ใฉใ—ใ‚‰ใ‚“ใชใ€๏ผˆใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ—ใชใ„ๆ–นใŒ่‰ฏใ„๏ผ‰

  • ๆ€งๆ‚ชใ„ โ†’ ๆ นๆ€งๆ‚ชใ„

  • ใ—ใ‚ƒใฐใใฃใก โ†’ ใจใผใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€่ชค้ญ”ๅŒ–ใ™ใ€็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใตใ‚Šใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€Œใ—ใ‚‰ใฐใฃใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€‚

  • ใ—ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ† โ†’ ่ฒก็”ฃใ€ๅฎถ่จˆใ€‚๏ผˆใ€Œไผšๆดฅ็ฃๆขฏๅฑฑใ€ใฎๆญŒ่ฉžใซๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹ใ€‚๏ผ‰

  • ใ—ใ‚“ใกใ‚ƒใ†โ†’ๆญปใ‚“ใงใ—ใพใ†ใ€‚

  • ใš โ†’ ใŠ้ขจๅ‘‚ใ€‚ใ€Œๆนฏใ€ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ๅฝขใ€‚ ็”จไพ‹ : ใ€Œๆ—ฉใใšใ•ใธใ‚Œ๏ผใ€๏ผˆๆ—ฉใใŠ้ขจๅ‘‚ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใชใ•ใ„๏ผ๏ผ‰

  • ใšใชใ„ โ†’ ๅคงใใ„ใ€‚

  • ใœใ‡โ†’่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚็”จไพ‹๏ผšAใ€Œ๏ผˆใ“ใ‚“ใข๏ผ‰ใœใ‡ใŒ๏ผŸใ€๏ผˆ๏ผˆใ“ใ‚Œใง๏ผ‰่‰ฏใ„ใ‹๏ผŸ๏ผ‰Bใ€Œใ‚ใใ€ใœใ‡ใ€ใœใ‡ใ€

  • ใ›ใช โ†’ ใŠๅ…„ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€่ทกๅ–ใ‚Šใ€้•ท็”ท ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰

  • ใ›ใ‚ใ—ใ„ โ†’ ้จ’ใŒใ—ใ„ใ€ใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„ ๏ผˆๅŒ—ใ€ไธญใ€ไผš๏ผ‰

    • ่ชžๅฐพใ‚’ไธ‹ใ’ใชใ„ใง่ชžๅฐพใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ใ—ใ€่ชžๅฐพใฎใŸใ„ใ‚’ๅผทใ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ไธปใซๆŒ‡็คบ่ชžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ (ๅ—)
  • (ใ‚“)ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผใ€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€œ๏ผ โ†’ ใใ†ใ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผใใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงๆฟ€ใ—ใๅŒๆ„ใ‚’่กจใ™ๅ ดๅˆใซๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ€‚ๆŽฅ็ถš่ชžใฎใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰โ€ฆใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฎไฝฟ็”จใฏ็„กใ„ใ€‚ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚็„กใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใชใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ‰ๅพŒใฎไผš่ฉฑใงๅˆคๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅฎฎๅŸŽ็œŒใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚

  • ใŸใฆใ‚‹ ๏ผˆใŸใงใ‚‹๏ผ‰โ†’ ็Šฌ็Œซใชใฉๅ‹•็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃผใ† ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰

  • ใ€œ(ใ‚“)ใ ใ‘ใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ€(ใ‚“)ใ ใ‘ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ‚‚ โ†’ ใ€œใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฉใ‚‚

  • ใ€œใ ใกใ‘ใ‡

    • 1ไพ‹ ใใ†ใชใ‚“ใ ใกใ‘โ†’ใใ†ใฟใŸใ„ใ ใ‚ˆ
    • 2ไพ‹ ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ€œใ•ใ‚“ๆฑไบฌใซ่กŒใใ‚“ใ ใกใ‘โ†’ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ€œใ•ใ‚“ๆฑไบฌใซ่กŒใใ‚“ใ ใฃใฆ
  • ใŸใฃใกใ‚‹ใ€ใŸใฃใกใ‚ƒ โ†’ ๅž‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๅž‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚็”จไพ‹๏ผšใ€Œ้ผปใŸใฃใกใฃใคใ‰ใ€๏ผˆ้ผปๆฐดๅž‚ใ‚Œใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆ๏ผ‰ใ€ใ€ŒๅฐไพฟใŸใฃใกใใ‚‹ใ€๏ผˆๅฐไพฟใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ‚‹๏ผ‰

  • ใ€œ(ใ‚“)ใ ใฉ โ†’ ใ€œใ ใฃใฆใ‚ˆ

  • ใ€œ(ใ‚“)ใ ใชใ„ โ†’ ใ€œใ ใญ

  • ใŸใ‚“ใพใ’ใ‚‹ โ†’ ใŠใฉใ‚ใ ๏ผˆๆตœใ€ๅŒ—ใ€ไธญใ€ไผš๏ผ‰

  • ใŸใ‚‹ใฒ โ†’ ใคใ‚‰ใ‚‰

  • ใ€œใฃใกใ‚ƒ โ†’ ใ€œใ‚ŒใŸ๏ผˆๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œใ€œใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝข๏ผ‰

  • ใ€œใกใใญ๏ผˆใกใ‚ƒใใญ๏ผ‰ โ†’ ใ€œใ—ใŸใใชใ„

    • ใ‚„ใฃใกใใญใ€ใ‚„ใฃใกใ‚ƒใใญ โ†’ ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚็”จไพ‹๏ผšใ‚„ใฃใกใ‚ƒใใญใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใฆใฃใบใงใฐ๏ผใฏใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผˆใƒคใ‚ตใ‚ฐใƒฌ๏ผšใ•ใใปใฉใ‚‚็”ณใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅฟ—ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ๏ผ‰
    • ่กŒใใฃใกใใญใ€่กŒใใฃใกใ‚ƒใใญ โ†’ ่กŒใใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚็”จไพ‹๏ผš่กŒใใฃใกใ‚ƒใใญใ‚“ใ ใงใฐใ€ใฏใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผˆใƒคใ‚ตใ‚ฐใƒฌ๏ผšใ‚‚ใ†ใ€ใ„ใใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ‰
  • ใขใฃใก๏ผˆใ•ใพ๏ผ‰ โ†’ ็ˆบ๏ผˆใ•ใพ๏ผ‰

  • ใคใ‹ใฃใกใ‚ƒ๏ผˆใฏ๏ผ‰ใƒผใ€ใ‚„ใฃใกใใญใƒผ๏ผˆใงใฏใƒผ๏ผ‰ โ†’ ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใƒผใ€ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ„๏ผˆใ ใ‚‹ใ„๏ผ‰

  • ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ‘ฝไปคๅฝข๏ผ‹ใง๏ผˆใงใฏใƒผ๏ผ‰ โ†’ ๅคšๅฐ‘ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใ€‚๏ผˆex:ๅฏใ‚ใงใ€‚๏ผ‰ใ€Œใงใ€ใฎๅพŒใซใ€Œใฏใƒผใ€ใŒใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ›ใ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณๅˆใ„ใซใชใ‚‹๏ผˆex:ๅฏใ‚ใงใฏใƒผใ€‚๏ผ‰ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใ€Œใฏใƒผใ€ใฏใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†ใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใจๅŒๆง˜

  • ใ€Œใ›ใฃใ‹ใใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใ€Œใ‹ใˆใฃใฆใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ โ†’ ใ€ŒใŠใ›ใ‚ใ•ใพใงใ™ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€็š„ใชๅฏพ่ฉฑใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใง็”จใ„ใ‚‹

    • ใชใ‚“ โ†’ ใใ†ใ ใชใ‚“๏ผˆใใ†ใ ใญ๏ผ‰ ๏ผˆไผš๏ผ‰
  • ใงใ‚Œใ™ใ‘ โ†’ ้–“ๆŠœใ‘ใ€้ฆฌ้นฟ่€…ใ€ใ ใ‚‰ใ—ใชใ„ไบบใ‚’ๅฑใ‚‹้š›ใซไฝฟใ†ใ€‚

  • ๆ‰‹ใ‚ใ™ใ‚‰ โ†’ ๆ‰‹้Šใณใ€‚ไธปใซๅญไพ›ใซๅฏพใ—่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ‹ใšใซ็ ‚้Šใณใ‚„ใ€็ด™ใฎๅˆ‡ใ‚Œ็ซฏใ‚’ใ„ใ˜ใใ‚Šใพใ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้š›ใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚

  • ใชใ‹ใชใ‹ โ†’ ๅ‘†ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹๏ผˆๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž๏ผ‰

  • ใชใ’ใ‚‹ โ†’ ๆจใฆใ‚‹ ็”จไพ‹๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ดใƒŸๆŠ•ใ’ใฆใ€๏ผˆใ‚ดใƒŸๆจใฆใฆใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ ใ„๏ผ‰

    • ใถใ‚“ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‚‹ โ†’ ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ‹ใ™ใ€็‰‡ไป˜ใ‘ใชใ„ใงๆ”พ็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹ไบ‹ใ€‚ ็”จไพ‹ : ใ€Œๆœใถใ‚“ๆŠ•ใ’ใจใใช๏ผใ€๏ผˆๆœใ‚’็‰‡ไป˜ใ‘ใชใ•ใ„๏ผ๏ผ‰
  • ใชใ‚“ใผ โ†’ ใ„ใใ‚‰ใ€ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„๏ผˆๅนด้ฝขใ€่บซ้•ทใ€ไฝ“้‡ใ€่ท้›ขใ€ๅ€คๆฎตใชใฉๆ•ฐๅญ—ใง่กจใ™ใ‚‚ใฎๅ…จ่ˆฌใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹๏ผ‰ไพ‹๏ผ‰ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚“ใ ใ‚“ใฉใ”ใฎๅญไพ›ใ€ใชใ‚“ใผใซใชใฃใŸใ‚“ใ ใ„๏ผŸ๏ผˆใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅญไพ›ใฏไฝ•ๆญณใซใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ๏ผ‰

  • ใชใ—ใฆใ€ใชใƒผใ—ใฆ โ†’ ใชใ‚“ใงใ€ใชใœใ€ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ๏ผˆๆตœใ€ๅŒ—ใ€ไธญ๏ผ‰ ็”จไพ‹ : ใ€Œใชใ—ใฆใปใ ใ”ใฉใชใฃใŸ๏ผŸใ€๏ผˆใชใ‚“ใงใใ‚“ใชไบ‹ใซใชใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€

  • ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ ใ€ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใ—ใŸใ€ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใ‚“ใ—ใŸ๏ผŸ โ†’ ใฉใ†ใ—ใŸ๏ผŸใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰ไธปใซๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹้š›ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚

    • ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใ‚“ใ™ใ‚‹๏ผŸโ†’ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ็”จไพ‹ : ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใ—ใฆ้Šใถ๏ผŸใ€๏ผˆไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆ้Šใผใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ๏ผ‰
    • ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใ‚“ใ‹ใ—ใฆโ†’ใฉใ†ใซใ‹ใ—ใฆ
    • ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใ€ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ(ใ†ใ€ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ไผธใฐใ™ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใง็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹)โ†’ ใฉใ†
    • ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใ—ใฆใ€ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใ‚“ใ—ใŸ๏ผŸใ€ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใ‚“ใ—ใฆ๏ผŸ โ†’ ใฉใ†ใ—ใŸ๏ผŸใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ๏ผŸ
    • ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใช โ†’ ใฉใ‚“ใช ๏ผˆๅŒ—ใ€ไธญใ€ๅ—ใ€ไผš๏ผ‰
    • ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ ใŒ โ†’ ใฉใ†ใ ใ‹ ๏ผˆๆตœใ€ๅŒ—ใ€ๅ—ใ€ไผš๏ผ‰
    • ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใฃใŸใ„ โ†’ ใฉใ†ใ ใ‹ใญ ๏ผˆๆตœใ€ๅŒ—ใ€ไธญ๏ผ‰
    • ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใ™ใฃใบ๏ผŸ โ†’ ใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใ‹ใ‚ใ† ๏ผˆๅŒ—ใ€ไธญใ€ๅ—๏ผ‰
    • ใชใ˜ใ‚‡ใƒผใ‚‚ โ†’ ใชใ‚“ใจใ‚‚ ๏ผˆไผš๏ผ‰
  • ใ€œใใ„ใ‚ˆ โ†’ ใ€œใ—ใฆใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ ใ„ใ€‚ใใ‚“ใกใ‡ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€‚

  • ใซใ—ใ‚ƒใ€ใซใ— โ†’ ใŠๅ‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ๏ผˆไธญใ€ๅ—ใ€ไผš๏ผ‰ใ€ŒใŠไธปใ€ใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ€‚

    • ใซใ• โ†’ ใŠๅ‰ใ€ๆฑ๏ผˆๆตœ๏ผ‰
  • ใซใฃใฑใ™โ†’ใใฃใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใฏใ‚Šใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚

  • ใญใƒผใžใ„ โ†’ ใ€œใชใ„ใ‚ˆ ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰็”จไพ‹ : ใ€Œๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใซใชใ‚“ใ‚‚ใญใƒผใžใ„ใ€๏ผˆๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใซ้ฃŸในใ‚‹็‰ฉใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€

  • ใญใฃใฑใ‚‹๏ผˆใญใฐใ™ใ€ใญใฃใฑใ™๏ผ‰ โ†’ ใญใฐใ‚‹ใ€‚๏ผˆ็ด™ใชใฉใ‚’่ฒผใ‚‹ใ€่ฒผใ‚Šไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใใฃใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใƒใƒใƒใƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใƒใƒใƒใƒใ™ใ‚‹ใƒป้ฃŸใ‚‰ใ„ใคใ็ญ‰ใฎๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚๏ผ‰ ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰

๏ผˆไพ‹๏ผ‰ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œ็ณŠใงใญใฃใฑใ—ใจใ„ใฆ๏ผ ใ€๏ผˆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ณŠใง่ฒผใ‚Šไป˜ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฌใƒ ใญใฐใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใƒผใ€๏ผˆใ‚ฌใƒ ใŒใคใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆ๏ผ‰

๏ผˆไพ‹๏ผ‰๏ผˆ็ซถๆŠ€่€…ใชใฉใซ๏ผ‰ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจๅ‰ใ•ใญใฃใฑใฃใฆใ’๏ผใฃใ“ใฎ๏ผ ใ€๏ผˆใ‚‚ใฃใจใ€ๅ‰ใซ้ฃŸใ‚‰ใ„ใคใ„ใฆ่กŒใ‘๏ผใŒใ‚“ใฐใ‚Œ๏ผ๏ผ‰

  • ใฏใใƒผ โ†’ ใ•ใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใ† ๏ผˆใ€œใ ใชใใ€ใˆใˆใฃใจใ€็ญ‰ใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚น๏ผ‰ใ‚“ใ ใฏใใƒผใ€ในใ—ใŸใฏใใƒผใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ใฏใโ€ฆ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰
  • ใฐใฃใก๏ผˆใ“๏ผ‰ โ†’ ๆœซใฃๅญใ€ๆœซๅญ ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰
  • ใฏใ ใ„ใ‚‚ โ†’ ใ•ใจใ„ใ‚‚
  • ใฏใชใใ‚‰ โ†’ ใ„ใณใ ๏ผˆๆตœใ€ๅŒ—ใ€ไธญใ€ๅ—๏ผ‰
  • ใฏใญใ‚‹ โ†’ ่ตฐใ‚‹
  • ใฏใญใใ‚‰๏ผˆใน๏ผ‰ใ€ใฏใญใฃใใ‚‰๏ผˆใน๏ผ‰ โ†’ ๅพ’็ซถ่ตฐใ€็ซถ่ตฐ ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰
  • ใฐใฃใฑ๏ผˆใ•ใพ๏ผ‰ โ†’ ๅฉ†๏ผˆใ•ใพ๏ผ‰ ๏ผˆๆตœใ€ๅŒ—ใ€ไธญ๏ผ‰
  • ใฏใพใ‚‹ โ†’ ่ฝใกใ‚‹ ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰ไพ‹๏ผšๅทใซใฏใพใฃใŸใž
  • ่…นใใฃใก๏ผˆใใฃใคใ‡๏ผ‰ โ†’ ใŠ่…นใŒใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใ€ๆบ€่…นใ€‚
  • ใดใ—ใŸโ†’ในใ—ใŸใ€‚ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ไพ‹๏ผšใ‚ใใ“ใซๅคงใใชๅทใŒใ‚ใฃใดใ—ใŸใ€‚โ†’ใ‚ใใ“ใซๅคงใใชๅทใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
  • ใถใค โ†’ ๆ’ƒใคใ€ๆ‰“ใคใ€‚ ็”จไพ‹ : ใ€Œ้ ญ๏ผˆใ‚ใ ใพ๏ผ‰ใถใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€๏ผˆ้ ญใ‚’ใถใคใ‘ใŸ๏ผ‰
  • ใถใฃใคใใ โ†’ ็ ดใ
  • ้ƒจ่ฝ โ†’ ้›†่ฝใ€‚ๅทฎๅˆฅ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบ‹ใฏใชใใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅคฑ็คผใซใฏๅ€คใ—ใชใ„ใ€‚
  • ในใ“๏ผˆในใ”ใ€ในใˆใ”๏ผ‰ โ†’ ็‰› ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰
    • ในใ“ใฃใ“ โ†’ ็‰›ใฎๅญ ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰
  • ในใฃใบ๏ผˆในใฃใกใ‚‡ใ”ใƒปใบใ“ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“๏ผ‰ โ†’ ๅฅณๆ€งๅ™จ
  • ใธใงใชใ— โ†’ ใคใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ€ใ†ใ ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰
    • ใปใ ใ’ใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ‚‚ โ†’ ใใ†ใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฉใ‚‚
  • ใปใŠใ‚ใใ€ใปใ‚ใโ†’ ่ฝใจใ—ใฆๅคฑใใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใปใ‚ใถใ€ใ€Œใปใ‚ใฃใŸ๏ผˆ่ฝใจใ—ใŸใ€่ฝใกใŸ๏ผ‰ใ€ใจใ‚‚ใ€‚๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰็”จ
  • ใพใฆใ„ใ€ใพใงใ„๏ผˆใพใงใˆใ€ใพใง๏ผ‰ โ†’ ๏ผˆไป•ไบ‹ใŒ๏ผ‰ใฆใ„ใญใ„ ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰็”จไพ‹๏ผšใ€Œใพใงใซใ‚„ใฃใ“ใฉใญใ€๏ผˆ็œŸๅ‰ฃใซใ‚„ใ‚“ใชใใฆใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ‚ˆ๏ผ‰
    • ใพใงใ‡ใƒผ ๏ผˆๆตœใ€ๅŒ—ใ€ไธญใ€ๅ—๏ผ‰
  • ใพใ‚ โ†’ ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใŒไบบ่ฆ‹็Ÿฅใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚๏ผˆไพ‹๏ผ‰ใ€Œใฏใƒผใ€ใพใ‚ใ™ใ‚“ใฎใŒ๏ผŸใ€๏ผˆใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†ใ€ไบบ่ฆ‹็Ÿฅใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใฎๆ„ใ€‚๏ผ‰
  • ใพใ‚“ใœใ‚ใใพใ‚“ใœใ‚ใ โ†’ ๆ‹ใ‚€่กŒ็‚บใงไฝฟ็”จใ€‚ใ‚‚ใจใ‚‚ใจใฏใ€Œ่ฌๆญณๆฅฝๅฑฑใ€ใงๅœฐ้œ‡ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ้š›ใซใ€ๅฑฑไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸๆ‘ไบบใŒใ€Œ่ฌๆญณๆฅฝ๏ผˆใพใ‚“ใ•ใ„ใ‚‰ใ๏ผ‰ๆง˜ใ€ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงๅ’„ๅ—Ÿใซๆ‹ใ‚“ใ ไบ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
  • ใ‚€ใ†ใ‚€ใ†โ†’ๅคขไธญใซใชใ‚Šๅ‘จใ‚ŠใŒ็›ฎใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใฌๆง˜ๅญใ€‚
  • ใ‚€ใใ‚Œใ‚‹โ†’ๆผใ‚‰ใ™ใ€ๆผใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€่„‡ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใผใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ๆปดใ‚‹ใ€‚็”จไพ‹๏ผšใŠใ—ใฃใ“ใ‚€ใใ‚Œใฃใกใพใƒผใงใฐ๏ผ๏ผˆใŠๅฐๆฐดใŒ๏ผˆๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใงใใš๏ผ‰ๆผใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใใ†ใงใ™๏ผ๏ผ‰
  • ใ‚ใ‚“ใ“ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใ‚“ใ”ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใ‚“ใ’ใˆใ€ใ‚ใ”ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใ’โ†’ ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใ€ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
  • ใ‚ใ‚“ใ“ใŸใ‚“๏ผˆใ‚ใ‚“ใ“ใŸใ‚“ใ ใญใ‡ใƒผ๏ผ‰ โ†’ ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ‚„ๅฐใ•ใ„ๅญไพ›ใซใ€Œใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ๅญใญใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงไฝฟ็”จใ€‚็Šฌใ‚„็Œซใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ€‚
  • ใ‚ใฉโ†’ ็ฉดใ€‚ใ€Œ้ผปใ‚ใฉ๏ผˆ้ผปใฎ็ฉด๏ผ‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒ„ใ‚ใฉ๏ผˆใŠๅฐปใฎ็ฉดใƒป่‚›้–€๏ผ‰ใ€ใชใฉใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ€่ฝใจใ—็ฉดใ‚„ๆบใซใฏไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
  • ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ  โ†’ ๅฝ“็„ถใ ใ€ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰ใ ใ€‚๏ผˆใ€Œไผšๆดฅ็ฃๆขฏๅฑฑใ€ใฎๆญŒ่ฉžใซใ‚‚ๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹ใ€‚๏ผ‰
  • ๏ผˆ้›‘ๅทพใ€ๅฐๆ‹ญใ็ญ‰ใ‚’๏ผ‰ๆ‰ใฟๅ‡บใ™ โ†’ ๆฑšใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰ใ‚“ใงๆด—ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚็”จไพ‹๏ผšใ€Œ้›‘ๅทพๆ‰ใฟๅ‡บใ—ใฆ๏ผใ€๏ผˆ้›‘ๅทพใฎๆฑšใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰ใ‚“ใงๆด—ใฃใฆ่ฝใจใ—ใฆ๏ผ๏ผ‰
  • ใ‚‚ใ”ใ›โ†’ใ‚€ใ”ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ๅฏๅ“€ๆƒณใ€‚ไธปใซๅญไพ›็›ธๆ‰‹ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ€Œใ‚‚ใ”ใ›ใชใใ€œ๏ผˆๅฏๅ“€ๆƒณใ ใชใ๏ผ‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ”ใ›ใ‚‚ใ”ใ›๏ผˆใ‚ˆใ—ใ‚ˆใ—๏ผ‰ใ€ใจไฝฟใ†ใ€‚
  • ใ‚„ในใ€ใ‚„ใฐใฃใ›๏ผˆใ‚„ใฐใ›๏ผ‰ โ†’ ใ„ใ“ใ†ใ€ใ„ใ“ใ†ใ‚ˆ
  • ใ‚ˆใฐใฃใกใ‚ƒ ๏ผˆใ‚ˆใฐใ‚‰ใฃใกใ‚ƒ๏ผ‰โ†’ ๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰
  • ใ‚‰ใ„ใ•ใพ โ†’ ้›ท ๏ผˆ็œŒ๏ผ‰
    • ใ‚Œใˆใ•ใพ ๏ผˆๆตœ๏ผ‰
  • ใ‚ใใชใ‚‚ใ‚“ใงใญใ‡ โ†’ ใ‚ใใช่€…ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„
  • ใ‚ โ†’ ใŠใพใˆใ€ๆฑ ๏ผˆๆ‚ช๏ผ‰๏ผˆๆตœใ€ๅŒ—ใ€ๅ—๏ผ‰
  • ใ‚ใ„ใ€ใŠใ‚“ใญใ‡ใ€œ โ†’ ๅฎถใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚“ใกใ€่‡ชๅฎ…
  • ใ‚ใŒใ„โ†’ๆˆ‘ใŒๅฎถใ€่‡ชๅฎ…
  • ใ‚ใ’ โ†’ ็งใฎๅฎถ๏ผˆ่‡ชๅฎ…๏ผ‰
  • ใ‚“ใ ใ€ใปใ  โ†’ ใใ†ใ ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใญ ใปใงใญ๏ผˆๅฆๅฎš๏ผ‰ใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„
  • ใ‚“ใ ใ’ใฉ โ†’ ใใ†ใ ใ‘ใฉ
  • ใ‚“ใ ใฉใ€ใ‚“ใ ใชใ โ†’ ใ€Œใ€œใชใ‚“ใ ใฃใฆใ‚ˆใ€ใ€Œใ€œใชใ‚“ใ ใฃใฆใชใใ€ไผš่ฉฑๅฃ่ชฟ
  • ใ‚“ใ ในใ—ใŸ โ†’ ๏ผˆๅฝ“็„ถ๏ผ‰ใใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€๏ผˆๅฝ“็„ถ๏ผ‰ใใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
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Oh hey, I remember that! I think it was on the WaniKani forums :joy: I got really busy transitioning into new schools and moving (completed my JET contract and went with a locally run private company) and totally forgot!

Iโ€™ve actually discussed some aspects of it with my old co-worker (62 year old guy who grew up on a farm here, has been an Elementary teacher most of his life and an English teacher for a total of like 15 years), and man I swear it gets so specific out here in the mountains. I live in ๅ—ไผšๆดฅ้ƒก and heโ€™ll say things like โ€œAh, yea, youโ€™ll hear that over in โ—‹โ—‹ๆ‘ but not in โ—‹โ—‹็”บโ€ or โ€œThat gets used a lot more in the western half of ๅ—ไผšๆดฅ้ƒก than the east, but itโ€™s technically used on both sidesโ€.

All of this without even getting into ่จ›ใ‚Š (ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰โ‡’ใ ใŒใ‚‰๏ผ‰ใ€or versions of verbs that get used over others more commonly ๏ผˆ่จ€ใ„ใ†โ‡’่จ€ใ‚†ใ† or ้ฃŸใŸในใ‚‹โ‡’้ฃŸใใ†๏ผ‰.

Iโ€™ll see if I canโ€™t start taking a crack at the Wikipedia using some of the locals, and maybe even make a shareable/editable Google Sheet or something to use as a cross-reference for the deck/wikipedia that I can access on the go when all I have is my phone. Work is still pretty busy (bigger schools, more responsibility), but now that Iโ€™m getting used to it maybe I can start putting time into this.

Last thing, only took a quick glance at the wiki you pasted, and immediately looked for ใŠใ‚“ใคใใ’ใ™, was happily surprised itโ€™s there! To my knowledge, thatโ€™s an ไผšๆดฅ phrase and is certainly still used (potentially not by the current school-age generation, though. I 'd have to ask a few students).

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I havenโ€™t been using BunPro much lately (wanna finish WK first so I can concentrate on one at a time), but Iโ€™ve been really impressed by how many improvements you folks have been making this year, and so rapidly too! Really great job, everyone!

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Very cool update. Iโ€™m curious, is there any timeline for when you guys are adding N4 and N3? I know itโ€™s not wise to say any exact dates, but Iโ€™d like to know so I can link up Bunpro with my studies.

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That is pretty much exactly what I hear from my wife, it gets mega-confusing :exploding_head:. I parsed the wiki so I can add to a google doc (along with the LINE stamps from the original Kitsun deck if you want). Or I may just add the entire thing into the dialect deck once I get some native feedback. No pressure, but any collaboration or feedback you get would be great to break the ็ฆๅณถๅผ code :slight_smile:

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There is no โ€˜setโ€™ timeline, as each new N-level will present new challenges as we are writing the explanations. However, at a guess, N4 should take around (or a little bit over) a month, to allow for quality checking, wrapping within the writeups, etc,.

N3 will take a little bit longer due to there being more grammar points, but not heaps longer. Potentially 2 months maximum. Please take this information with a grain of salt though, as we have not even started writing N3 yet, so I could be failing to take into consideration challenges that may pop up as the team gets stuck into N3.

As noted in the original post though, we will do our best to have them out asap, without sacrificing any of the quality ๐Ÿ™‡๐Ÿผโ€โ™‚๏ธโ˜บ๏ธ

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Went through a few and the grammar explanations are fantastic. Some of the most comprehensive Iโ€™ve seen without getting too absurdly deep. (It can be real easy to fall into a grammar rabbit hole)

To me, this not only solidifies Bunpro as a study tool, but a reference tool as well. Thanks for the great update and look forward to the other levels.

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Iโ€™m super happy with the progress. Watching Bunpro grow has been awesome. I also snuck in a few years back.

Putting more effort in here as I have finally gotten through WK, and enjoying it a lot.

@Asher I still agree with you on the foundationally meaningful morae.

edit - wow, just got my 3 years badge. Yikes. I need to speed up here.

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Thanks for letting me know. I understand quality control and editing could potentially be a little unpredictable. A couple of months is faster than I thought actually. Good luck with the work!

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Iโ€™m not even that far into making my way through the N5 grammar again and to my surprise I already learned something new! (using ใจใฆใ‚‚ to identify ใช-adjectives)! I just wanted to give serious props because the grammar points are always surprisingly clear and the โ€œcautionโ€ and โ€œfun factโ€ boxes are some truly amazing additions :grinning_face_with_smiling_eyes: Iโ€™m already really hyped for whenever Bun-grow and Bun-flow will be added (Guess, Iโ€™ll be needing to reset a few more times :stuck_out_tongue: )

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I was also super surprised when I first learned that! :rofl: Have found it in a few different grammar books since then directed at Japanese kids. Surprisingly simple trick that really does help identify when something is or isnโ€™t an ใช-adj.

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Perhaps the particle ใธ should be taught before ใธใ„ใ?

Also the grammar topic for ใฏ has a note saying it is pronounced ใ‚, but ใธ could probably have a note about being pronounced as ใˆ when it is used as a particle.

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