Use of shimashita

せんせいに(しつもん)しました。I asked my teacher a question." this was its translation how shimashita meaning is given as asked it means did when suru means to do

While suru is often translation ‘to do’ it’s uses are much broader than that. In particular in this case it turns certain nouns into verbs.

しつもん means question.
しつもんする is the act of questioning.

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will it be like the act of questioning did to teacher and the person who translated it wrote it i asked my teacher a question because they have like similar meaning. i am confused

Many nouns, especially Chinese-origin nouns, can be turned into verbs by adding する. Those nouns are marked as such in monolingual dictionaries.

A common example you come across as a beginner learner is 勉強する for “to study”.

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Your writing makes me a bit confused about what you’re seeking advice on, can you clarify?
Are you unclear about the function of the verb する when it interacts with certain nouns?
Or are you looking for an explaination of verb conjugation?

Here’s a resource for する

And a resource for verb conjugation

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It seems like you just need to review your conjugations (maybe you’re particularly struggling with する/くる?)

する → します (dictionary form to polite form, to do)
した → しました (dictionary form to polite form, did)

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