It sounds like it is just the same as ながら. So what is the main difference?
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Well, at least my impression of when I use either of them would be ながら is really used to tie together two actions that are happening simultaneously like maybe if someone was eating and talking. ながらに is more one thing exists or is a true (like you make a statement about a situation) and then you saying something other action also occurs under that condition? So for example if while the car was broken, I was using the bus to commute. I hope that makes sense and anyone who can add on a more clear explanation would help.
You can also use ながらの which adds more confusion to the mix… which I feel like makes it so you add more emphasis to the first thing (i.e. the thing that isn’t actively being an action and is more of a statement). Like you are almost saying “I’m describing what is happening during a certain circumstance, with emphasis on the circumstance?” For example “I screamed while there was a bug in my house.” Using に feels more like equal emphasis on both the fact that there’s a bug and I’m screaming. Using の feels more like “I was screaming under the circumstance there is a bug in my house, which caused my screaming.”
Again any feedback/correction/criticism from bigger brained folks would be helpful. 