Structure Section - Explanation

Japanese
#1

Parts of speech:

Bunpro English Japanese Example
Verb plain form 終止形 立つ 立った 立たない 立たなかった
Verb[る] dictionary form / non-past form 辞書形 立つ
Verb[stem] masu stem / conjuctive / continuative form 連用形 立ち
Verb[た] ta form / past form た形 / 過去形 立った
Verb[ない] nai form / non-past negative form ない形 / 否定形 立たない
Verb[ない] nai stem form 未然形 立た
— — — —
Verb[て] te form て形 立って
Verb[よう] volitional form 意向形/推量形 立とう
Verb[potential] potential form 可能系 立てる
Verb[passive] passive form 受身形 立たれる
Verb[causative] causative form 使役形 立たせる
Verb[ば] ba form/conditional form 条件形/仮定形 立てば
— — — —
V(る1) ru verb/ichidan verb 一段動詞 見る
V(る5) u verb with ru ending / godan verb with ru ending 五段動詞 座る
V(う) u verb / godan verb with u ending 五段動詞 歌う
V(く) godan verb with ku ending 歩く
V(す) godan verb with su ending 話す
V(つ) godan verb with tsu ending 立つ
V(ぬ) godan verb with nu ending 死ぬ
V(ぶ) godan verb with bu ending 飛ぶ
V(む) godan verb with mu ending 休む
V(ぐ) godan verb with gu ending 泳ぐ

Joining and nesting markers:
Verb[た/る] - means that dictionary form and ta form are accepted.
Verb[causative[て]] - means て form of the causative form of the verb.

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Polite present negative question
#2
#3

What’s the difference between plain form and dictionary form?

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#4

Plain form includes non-past, past, non-past negative, past negative forms.
Dictionary form is only non-past, the 立つ、食べる etc.
This is the form used in the dictionaries, hence the name.

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#5

Should be “conjunctive”. Please add spaces before/after the slashes so that the string can break on mobile.

Should be Verb[ ない ]

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#6

I fixed the 1st one(nice one!) :+1:, but why would be Verb[ ない ] better than Verb[ ない ] :thinking:

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#7

As far as I understand “ない-stem” it is used to make the negative past, negative て-form and so on. And for these form you remove the い and add the desired form (~かった、~くて etc), but the な remains as the stem. When you write Verb[ ない ] it means you remove the な as well, which is not correct.

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#8

You are right, it is used to make all of those forms, but from perspective of grammar it does not include な. :grinning:
The な is part of endings it can take.
Including not only those starting with な like ない negative, but is also a base of ず（立たず） and ぬ（立たぬ） negative forms.

The 未然形(nai stem, irrealis form) is a form that precedes ない and is used to make various verb forms(that have not been realized, that’s why its called irrealis :+1:) with different endings.

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#9

I see. Thanks!

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#10