もう事務所に行かなくてもいい。すなわち、首になった。
Translation
I don’t have to go to the office anymore. In other words, I got fired.
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New user here!
いちごパフェを食べる事を止まらない！
Translation
I can’t stop eating strawberry parfait!
Day 1. Literally day 1.
天がもあおい。
"The sky is also blue. ”
Correction please.
はじめまして。
It would be ‘天もあおい’ (or ‘天も青い’ if you want to use the kanji for ‘blue’). Either you use ‘が’ (to mark the subject) or ‘も’ (to mean also) but not both together.
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Thank you so much. Do all linking particles function as が？ Is there a list of particles that carry the が function that I can find somewhere?
全然。
All particles are placed after the word or clause which they are marking as playing a certain function. You can find an introduction to the three most basic ones (は, が and も) here.
EDIT:
‘most basic’ doesn’t mean ‘easy’ or ‘straightforward’, all the more if we are talking about ‘は’ and ‘が’. But that’s another story…
As you progress along the N5 Grammar Deck, you will find other basic ones (を, の, に, へ, と, で) and learn to use them.
I’m not quite sure I understand this question. What do you mean by ‘carry the が function’?
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My Cure Dolly is probably showing, but I’ll ask anyways.
So が is the “identifier” particle. い-Adjectives, for example, contain that “identifier” function in the い (not making any metaphysical statements here, this is just how CD explains it) and so I was wondering if there were any other particles that can “mask” が like も and apparently は can.
一年間だけで日本語でペラペラ話せるようになるわけがないだろう？
Translation
There’s no way you can speak Japanese fluently in just one year, right?
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今朝コンビニに野菜と牛乳を買いに行った。
Translation
This morning I went to the store to buy vegetables and milk.
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成程！I think you are referring to ‘だ’, which is ‘contained’ in the い-adjectives (赤 ‘red’, 赤い ‘is-red’ as per CD) but both nouns and な-adjectives need ‘だ’ to ‘exist’ (花 ‘flower’, 花だ ‘is-flower’, again as per CD).
On its part, ‘が’ is a particle that marks the ‘subject’ and no other particle has this particular function, so it can not be ‘masked’. It may be omitted, which is not unusual in Japanese (those zero pronouns so dear to Jay Rubin), when it is clear from context.
十分なお金さえあれば、日本に住めたかも。
Translation
If only I had enough money, I could have lived in Japan.
Yes! I didn’t realize I misspoke and said が when I was referring instead to だ in this case. Thank you for being patient with me as we cleared that up.
You said
both nouns and な-adjectives need ‘だ ’ to ‘exist’ (花 ‘flower’, 花だ ‘is-flower’, again as per CD).
Since you know both Dolly-先生 and Rubin-先生, I will ask another question. I was watching these videos, and Dolly-先生 argues two things: Firstly, that some uses of で are the Te-form of だ, and secondly, that both で and な are deformations of the coupula だ. In your experience, is this good advice?
I have loved beginning my journey with Bunpro, and really enjoy that it links diverse resources. But Cure Dolly was the first grammar resource I found in Japanese that “clicked” with me, and I am trying to make sure I am not being overly dedicaded to them, since I know there is a lot of controversy about their methodologies,. I am a full time high school foreign language teacher IRL, so a lot of this is not new to me, but Japanese is definitely unique in many ways.
Indeed you will, and its a really nice companion for this long journey!
Curiously enough, I started my journey with Tae Kim and his famous “「です」 is NOT the same as 「だ」” (section 4.1.5 of his book). 
I also used Tofugu quite a lot, its articles are long and detailed by worth it.
I came to Jay Rubin’s ‘Making Sense of Japanese’ (I think with him that ‘Gone Fishin’’ was a much better title) through this very community and agree with the community that the book has to be read after reaching an intermediate level.
That said, the concept that “some uses of で are the て-form of だ” is also in Tofugu (in this article). I would agree with this idea, as it is the way to attach a な-adjective or a noun to another adjective or noun, which is one of the key functions of the て-form.
In relation to “both で and な are deformations of the coupula だ”, I would agree with the former (で as deformation of the copula だ, if by deformation we mean the て-form).
For the latter (な as deformation of the copula だ), I’ve seen in a couple of places (this Tofugu article is one of them) a different theory: that it would be a simplification of にあり, which was used a lot of a time ago for a similar function, thus: にある → なる → な.
Finally, at the end of the day the aim is to express yourself and interact in Japanese, whether it be speaking, reading, listening, or writing. So, if CD “clicks” with you, use it as your guide along with BP and other resources you may find that make sense to you. You might say that, for this journey, the means justify the end. 
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なんか毎年夏ごとに、もっと暑くなるような気がする。
Translation
It seems like it gets hotter every summer.
Not that there’s anything wrong with yours, but I would translate this as:
Translation
“Somehow, every year around Summer, I feel it becomes hotter”
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物価が上がり続けるということは言うまでもないけど、給料が上がらない理由は何ですか？
Translation
It goes without saying that prices are continually rising, but what is the reason for salaries not increasing?
昨日山で行って、とてもきれいな写真を撮って、湖に泳いだ。
Translation
Yesterday I went to the mountains, I took some very beautiful photos and swam in the lake.
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私があなたを大好き。
Hi! Good first sentence!
If I may, this would be a more grammatical version: 私はあなたが大好きだ。
-
“私は”, you are introducing the topic, you are going to talk about you (as for me).
-
“あなたが”, '大好き’ is a な-adjective, not a verb, so it cannot take ‘を’ as there is no direct object to mark. Think of ‘大好き’ as ‘loveable’, so you can say that what is loveable for you is ‘あなた’, which you identify with ‘が’ (you are loveable).
-
finally, as ‘大好き’ is a な-adjective, remember you need to mark it as ‘it is’ with ‘だ’.
So the sentence would literally translate as ‘As for me, you are what is loveable’. Thus, ‘I love you’.
- On a cultural note, this would sound a little direct in Japanese. You probably would say something in the line of ‘私はあなたのことが大好きだ’.
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もしかしたら来年家族と一緒に日本に旅行するかもしれない。
Translation
Maybe I will travel to Japan with my family next year.